EXPRESSING ONESELF.
1.
EXPRESSING
ONE’S FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS.
People feel differently because of
various reasons. For instance if your parent is dead or you have failed the
exam you will feel sad. But if you have passed the exam you will feel happy
(excited).
So when you say: “I feel or I am ________ (followed
by an adjective like happy, sad, embarrassed, worried,) you are expressing a
feeling.
E.g.
I am sick,
I feel sorry,
Use the following words to make a list
of positive feelings and negative feelings. 2. Use the same lists to make five
sentences from each list showing positive and negative feelings.
Discouraged,
annoyed, happy, sad, sympathetic, humiliated, privileged, panicky, rejected,
confident, joyful, sorrowful, stupid, powerless, confused, embarrassed, bored,
tired, depressed, angry, hungry, ashamed, shy, powerful. etc.
Read the following sentences and say
what you would say in these situations.
1. You are fast
walking in a busy street and you hit an older woman and she falls down.
You say; I
am sorry/ forgive me
2. You have visited
your friend who is sick, on leaving the
hospital you say; Get well soon/I wish you a quick recovery
3. Your friend has
lost his daddy, to express your sympathy you say; sorry for the loss of your
father/ sorry for the loss receive my condolence.
4. You have passed
your exam, to show your joy you say;
I
am so excited/happy
5. Your teacher
has abused you in public, to express your feeling you say; I am
humiliated/embarrassed/annoyed
6. If you answer
the question and the teacher refuses your answer, you feel discouraged/embarrassed
7. You have been
working for 12 hours nonstop, now you feel, very tired/weary
8. When I was told
that I am the best student in the class for giving a powerful speech I
felt very excited/happy/joyful/privileged
9. Someone has
beaten you up without any good reason you feel angry/annoyed
10. Your sister has been raped by 10 men. You feel
embarrassed/humiliated/ashamed
EXPRESSING VIEWS AND OPINIONS
Opinions are ideas or views about
something or an object that can be proved to be true or not. Opinions can be
expressed in letters, speeches, in newspapers, conversation etc.
Ø
When you say “I
think, believe, hope, expect, suggest etc ” then you are expressing a
thought/opinion.
E.g. I think I
am sick.
I think I am
stupid.
Opinions may be expressing prediction,
giving advice, describing etc E.g.
I think it is going to rain.
I hope all form fours will pass the exam.
I expect to get a baby boy.
This girl is very beautiful,
Juma is a very kind person.
The boy I saw is very handsome.
I suggest we take a taxi.
Read the following sentences and say
what you would say in these situations
1. You want to
go out for a short call. To ask for permission you say ......................................................
2. Your friend
is sick to wish him a farewell.
You
say.......................................................................
3. Your bother
is celebrating a 20th birthday. To wish him for the day; you say.......................................................
4. You are
participating in a debate and you want to interrupt a speaker you
say............................................
5. If you have
failed your exam; you feel...........................
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CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
These are
sentences that express a condition that must be fulfilled for something else to
take place.
There are three types of conditional
sentences.
Ø
The
first type expresses the conditions that are likely to be fulfilled.
Ø
The
second type is used when the condition is less probable/less likely and;
Ø
The
third expresses the past possibilities or unlikely conditions.
Conditional Type 1
If I find her
address, I will send her an invitation.
I will send her
an invitation, if I find her address.
Ø
Note
that in conditional sentence type 1 (likely or probable/possible conditions)
you use present simple in the “If clause” and will/shall in the main clause.
Ø
This
conditional is also called “real” conditional because it is used for real
situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met /
fulfilled.
i.e. If/unless + simple
present + future (will/shall)
Ø
Not
also that you can have the “main clause” or the “If clause” at the
beginning of the sentence.
E.g If Mbwana Samata plays today, we shall win the match.
We shall win
the match, If Mbwana Samata plays today.
“The use of If”
I will improve
my English, if I do more exercises.
If she goes to
the hospital early, she will not (won’t) die
If you go to
Ngorongoro you will see a lot of animals.
If john comes,
we will hold a party.
If you stay
quite in the class the teacher will not punish you.
If I live near
the river I will be a fisherman.
If you work
hard, I will give you a gift.
If Mbwana
Samata plays today, we shall win the match.
If
you send this letter now, she will receive it tomorrow.
John
will marry you, if you give him a chance.
“The use of unless”
“Unless” means the same as “if not”. It is used in conditional
sentences of all types.
Examples
Unless you
study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
Unless
she goes to the hospital early, she will die
Unless you stay
quiet, the teacher will punish you.
Unless I live
near the river I won’t be a fisherman.
Exercise.
1. Put the
following sentences in their correct form to make conditional sentences type
1.
a. If it (rain),
we (not go) to play.
b. If Joseph
(get) more money, he (buy) a new car.
c. If you don’t
stop smoking, you (get) lung cancer.
d. You will
pass, if you (study) hard.
e. She will
pass, if she (study) hard.
2. Change the
sentences above and put ‘unless” in the place of “if” to make conditional
sentences type 1.
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Conditional Type 2
Ø
Type
2 conditionals usually suggest that a situation is unlikely, impossible, imaginary
or hypothetical. It is also called unreal conditional because it is
used for unreal or improbable situations.
Ø
In
such sentences we use simple past tense in the “if” clause and
would/should/could/might or conditional tense in the main clause.
i.e. if/unless
+ simple past tense + would
E.g. If I were
God, I would kill all prostitutes.
ü
If
you studied for the test, you would pass it.
ü
I
would call you, if I had your number.
ü
She
would understand, if you spoke English
ü
If
you spoke English, she would understand.
ü
If
you asked me, I would help you.
ü
If
you knew English, you would go to London.
ü
If
Joseph got more money he would buy a new car.
ü
If
we used fertilizer we would get good harvest.
ü
If
I lived near the river I would be a fisherman.
ü
If
you closed the doo the thief would not steal.
Exercise
3. Put the
following sentences in their correct form to make conditional sentences type
2.
i. I will
improve my English, if I do more exercises.
ii. If she goes
to the hospital early, she will not(won’t) die
iii. If you go to
Ngorongoro you will see a lot of animals.
iv. If john
comes, we will hold a party.
v. If you stay
quite in the class the teacher will not punish you.
vi. You will
pass, if you study hard.
vii. She will
pass, if she studies hard.
4. Use the
sentences above and put ‘unless” in the place of “if” to make conditional
sentences type 2.
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Conditional Type 3
Ø
Type
three conditionals are used to talk about unreal situations in the past or the
possible consequences of something that did not happen in the past.
Ø
It
is sometimes called purely hypothetical
because it expresses situations that can never be fulfilled.
Ø
In
this conditional we use past perfect
in the ‘if’ clause (If + had) and conditional perfect (would have) in the main
clause.
i.e. if +
had (past perfect) + conditional perfect (would have)
ü
I
would have lost my luggage if Daddy had not been there.
ü
If
Daddy had not been there, I would have lost my luggage.
ü
I
would have given up, if you had not encouraged me.
ü
If
you had asked me, I would have helped you.
ü
If
you had studied for the test, you would have passed it.
ü
I
would have called you, if I had had your number.
ü
She
would have understood, if you had spoken English
ü
If
you had spoken English, she would have understood.
ü
If
you had known English, you would have gone to London.
ü
If
Joseph had got more money he would have bought a new car.
ü
If
we had used fertilizer we would have got good harvest.
ü
If
I had lived near the river I would have been a fisherman.
ü
If
you had closed the door the thief would not have stolen.
Exercise
5. Put the
following sentences in their correct form to make conditional sentences type
3.
a. If we pray,
God will help us
b. If you eat
balanced diet you will become healthy.
c. You would
improve your English If you do more exercises.
d. She will
marry John if he pays the bride price.
e. If Samata
played today samba would win the match.
f. If you write
the notes you will revise at night.
6. Use the
sentences above and put ‘unless” in the place of “if” to make conditional
sentences type 3.
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