Tuesday, 15 May 2018

ANALYSIS OF THE POEM "BUILDING THE NATION" (Christopher H. M. Barlow)BY Samson Mwita



BUILDING THE NATION
By Christopher H. M. Barlow (Uganda)
Today I did my share
In building the nation.
I drove the permanent secretary
To an important urgent function
In fact to a luncheon at the Vic.

The menu reflected its importance
Cold Bell beer with small talk,
Then fried chicken with niceties
Wine to fill the hollowness of the laughs
Ice-ream to cover the stereotype jokes
Coffee to keep the PS awake on return journey.

I drove the permanent secretary back.
He yawned many times in the back of the car
Then to keep awake, he suddenly asked,
Did you have any lunch friend?
I replied looking straight ahead
And secretly smiling at his belated concern
That I had not, but was sliming!

Upon which he said with a seriousness
That amused more than annoyed me,
Mwananchi, I too had none!
 I attended to matters of state.
Highly delicate diplomatic duties you know,
And friend, it goes against my grain,
Causes me stomach ulcers and wind.
Ah, he continued, yawning again,
The pains we suffer in building the nation!
So the PS had ulcers too!
My ulcers I think are equally painful
Only they are caused by hunger,
No sumptuous lunches!
                             
So two nation builders
Arrived home this evening
With terrible stomach pains
The result of building the nation –
   -Different ways.
INTRODUCTION.
With some insights from Harry G Mkasamba
Building the nation is a poem by a Ugandan poet Christopher Henry Muwanga Barlow that principally explores the lifestyle of African bourgeoisie who came to power after colonialism and ideally, simply replaced the coloniser. There is a need for African leaders to create hope for those they lead but they are caught up in the same evil lifestyle of their colonial predecessors. The aspects of nation building which were supposed to dominate public and political policies have been thrust to the periphery of human thought. In a way, the persona calls for a reaction towards the ruling class’s hypocritical nation building where they pretend to have welfare of the masses at heart while in real sense they just want to capitalize on their efforts.
THEMATIC ANALYSIS.
DISILLUSIONMENT/DISAPPOINTMENT
The kind of disillusionment portrayed in the poem is that which Africans have towards their leaders who have adopted the very tenets of the colonisers from whom they got power. Essentially, the idea of nation building turns out to be a very complicated phenomenon where those who are central to the process have their efforts wasted by leaders who can implement policies.
The persona shows more disillusionment by stating that at the meeting “the menu reflected its importance/ Cold Bell beer with small talks/ Then fried chicken with niceties/ wine…/ ice cream …/coffee… (lines 6-11). This reflects the triviality of a meeting where serious issues were supposed to be discussed.

 LIES AND HYPOCRISY.
This has been a vital tool for most politicians when they want to win more votes from the ignorant masses. They make heaps of lies on the optimistic crowds but eventually everything turns out only a nightmare. The PS lies to the driver that he did not have any meal just as did the driver yet you and I know that he had a very heavy and sumptuous lunch.  He even shows his hypocrisy more clearly when he asks this question. “then to keep awake he suddenly asked/Did you have any lunch friend?”. It is rather sad to note that he does not ask whether the driver has eaten anything because he is concerned about his welfare, but it is simply to keep himself awake throughout the journey.


CLASSES/MARGINALIZATION
In a broader way the poem thoroughly depicts two classes in one society. There is high class and lower class. Both of them are supposed to mutually benefit from the national resources, yet the high class that is represented by the PS exploits the lower class that more often than not comprises those who are involved in the modes of production. For example the chauffeur drives the PS to the place where there is feasting (eating) while the driver does not take part in the feasting. The persona himself comes from the marginalized class. The role of both classes is building the nation, but the high class has just become the parasites who feed on the national resources at the expense of the masses. They are not building the nation at all but building their stomachs.
EXPLOITATION
Furthermore in the poem, the two parties represent the two strands of nation builders that are in most African states. On one side there are those represented by the driver (the local masses) while on the other hand we have high class being represented by the PS. The later is very busy squandering the public funds which can be used to rebuild the nations. The masses are the hardworking people whose benevolence is easily taken for granted by those in power. There are those who eat extravagantly and those who work on empty stomachs. The persona knows about this exploitation done by African leaders and informs his fellow countrymen what is actually happening.
 AWARENESS
The poem paints a picture of awareness that those who are oppressed, exploited and marginalised are now aware of what is happening. This is an important step as long as the liberation of the oppressed is concerned. It is also a significant step if the nation is to realise sustainable development where the national resources will be mutually utilized for the benefit of not only the ruling class but the masses as well.
If we examine the end of the poem, it seems to induce a kind of anger that should lead to vengeance (revenge). The persona is appealing to the oppressed to rise to the occasion and deal with the ruling class. 
The fact that “two nation builders/ arrived home this evening/with terrible stomach pain/the result of building the nation/different ways” is more like an appeal to emotions where the persona seeks actions from the masses.
MISUSE OF PUBLIC RESOURCES.
The persona shows that the PS goes to the meeting where important matters were supposed to be discussed. Instead the PS meets his friends and all they do is eating, cracking jokes and laughing. If we need to do well at nation building we must respect everything that belongs to the state. We must not misuse the public funds, the working hours and the state properties like cars for our own interests. The PS goes to feast using the government car, and after the feast he is driven back home. So he wastes not only the public resources but also the working hours.
REPERCUSSION OF OUR LIFESTYLE.
Nevertheless, the persona seems to have hopes in some facts that both the African bourgeoisie and the proletariats have their points of vulnerability. They both suffer in one way or another because of their own actions and lifestyles. For instance the driver becomes sick because of lack of food while the PS becomes sick for eating too much.
So Ps has ulcers too!
My ulcers I think are equally painful
Only they are caused by hunger,
No sumptuous lunches!

MESSAGEs.
Ø  If we wish to do well in nation building we must as public servants respect everything that belongs to the state; money, property, working hours etc.
Ø  If the high class is not careful with nation building one day the oppressed may revolt.
Ø  Hypocrisy, classes, and exploitation should be discouraged.
Ø  Awareness is very important in the liberation of the oppressed.
Ø  All human beings have their points of vulnerability. They both suffer in one way or another because of their own actions and lifestyles
RELEVANCE
Ø  The poem is relevant in our country in a number of ways.
Ø  Today we have a lot of leaders who misuse the public funds while those who are involved in the means of production live in dire poverty.
Ø  Hypocrisy, Classes, exploitation and marginalization are also major issues in our society.
GUIDING QUESTIONS
a.    What is the poem about?
The poem is about the concept of nation building as taken by African bourgeoisie class who came to power after colonialism. The poet shows that independence was just the change in colour but the leaders adopted the very tenets of their predecessors.
b.    Who is the persona? How do you know?
The persona is a driver (chauffeur) who represents the low class.
In line 3 he says “I drove the permanent secretary”
c.    Suggest some literary and poetic devices used in the poem.
         i.        Alliteration
Highly delicate diplomatic duties..
And secretly smiling…
Cold Bell beer
       ii.        Borrowing/code mixing
Mwananchi, I too had none!
      iii.        Onomatopoeia
Ah, he continued yawning again.
This is the sound of yawning
      iv.        Satire
To an important urgent function
In fact to a luncheon at the Vic.
Lunch is called an important urgent function, this is very satirical
        v.        Irony.
The title of the poem ‘Building the Nation” is ironical because the guys in the poem were not building the nation.
d.    Why did the PS ask the question “Did you have any lunch friend?”
It was just to keep himself awake throughout the journey and not because he is concerned about the welfare of the driver.
e.    What is the tone and mood of the poem?
The tone is both sad and ironical/satirical and the mood is angry and hatred towards the ruling class.
f.        What type of the poem is this?
It is a lyric poem as it expresses the strong feelings of the chauffeur but it can also be a narrative poem as it tells the story about the PS.
g.      The poet says in the last stanzaso two nation builders arrived home this evening’ were the two people building the nation?
Not really. The poet uses this as a satire to criticise the idea that people always claim to build the nation but they end up building their stomachs.

67 comments:

  1. Thanks, this was one of my favorite poems back in high school. Decades later, I accidentally find it online! It still holds a special place in my heart.

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  2. I love this poem so much, it's my always read piece, it mirrors exactly the societal differences "we're " undergoing

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  3. The best way to learn is to learn from the best, thanks in advance my comrade #Samson Mwita. Really, I have been learning a lot from your since we met at the University of College - Coed. Practically,the given poem is relevant to our daily African societies

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  4. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  5. It's indeed one of my favorite poems of all time..As a literature student of Kenyatta University I'm thankful most specifically to the author of this piece of work 😄

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    1. Mr.Ernest, how is studies ? Pls watsap me via+233549889149.or mail me via yaateycharlez24@gmail.com.I am a Ghanaian student ls

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  6. I love so much this poem 💕💕💕

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  7. Thank you very much for such a wonderful analysis, kudos to the author and the one who published it here.As student of English & Literature this piece will help me a lot.

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  8. RAP NAABA GH
    FROM GHANA, UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION WINNEBA

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  9. Sorngmene Charles( Ghana , UEWK) .The poet did so well in carving this poem. He did nothing but only vividly painted the true colour of African leaders . They have serpentine behaviours.
    To the critic who analysed the poem, congrats . You literary fingers are very sensitive as well as your poetic eyes . Keep it up.

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  10. Sorngmene Charles( Ghana , UEWK) .The poet did so well in carving this poem. He did nothing but only vividly painted the true colour of African leaders . They have serpentine behaviours.
    To the critic who analysed the poem, congrats . You literary fingers are very sensitive as well as your poetic eyes . Keep it up.

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  11. i appreciate this,
    i teach English in secondary school and this adds a lot on my teaching notes

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  12. Bismark Apaya (University of education Winneba- Kumasi Campus Ghana). The textual of the poem really made me to like this poem, in fact the poet used impeccable words to describe the true habit of African Leaders and He also widened the capacity level of thinking about literature works. I say God bless you.

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  13. I love the satire in the poem

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  14. This has been my best piece of all the time.
    Still love it!

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  15. I came to know about this today!! Am really grateful as a Literature student at Kyambogo Universtiy this means a lot to me as i prepare to sit for examination in Elements of Poetry tomorrow.
    BRAVO..

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    Replies
    1. Thanks bro Samson
      I appreciate ur feedback..

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  16. hahaha you have analyzed it well.The poem is so comical.

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  17. Why is the use of the phrase 'mwananchi' referred to as barbarism?

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    1. The word barbarism (Greek: βαρβαρισμος) was originally used by the Greeks for foreign terms used in their language. ("Barbarism" is related to the word "barbarian"; the ideophone "bar-bar-bar" was the ancient Greek equivalent of modern English "blah-blah-blah", meant to sound like gibberish—hence the negative connotation of both barbarian and barbarism).[4]

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    2. Really from MA heart ♥ I appreciate the poet of this poem, back in schooling life it was one of interested poem of mine.

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  18. nice piece. its actually reflects what goes on in country

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  19. Sorry I want to know the differences between types of poem and kind of poem

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  20. I would recommend my profile is important to me, I invite you to discuss this topic. בניית בית פרטי

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  21. Such a beautiful poem ever be coz it remind me in o-level (form 1-4) I loved this poem much more until now I still love it

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  22. The poet reflect well our society in Africa I like this poem

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  23. Thank you so much,your information have helped me alot on understanding these literary works

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  24. Thanks for analyse this poem makes easy people to learn but in view I didn't saw a quotations

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  25. Wow! I've really understood the poem very well. my literature tr had made me hate it, I love it now.

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  26. OOOH BRO GOD BLESS YOU BECAUSE YOU HAVE BEEN HELPING ME A LOT IN MY TEACHINGS. IN YOU'RE DOING GREAT!

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  27. What is poetic license in this poem?

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    Replies
    1. Poetic licence in the poem can be use of clipped word "VIC" instead of use the word victoria

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  28. Thank you so much,it is right

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  29. This is always my best poem..thanks for the analysis.
    As a student of literature at Kenyatta University, I say thank you🙏

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  30. this poem just makes so much sense

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  31. In fact it is a good analysis ,, thanks you made it clear🙏🙏

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  32. I really like this poem way back high school n campus in literally criticism ..spcial thanks to G kamugiria whi made me love poetry

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  37. Woooow 😍 I love this and through you I got the content need in poem explication, big up 👊

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  38. And it actually reveals the nature of our political leaders who tend to be serious before people but in actual sense they are hypocrites

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  39. Amazing and recommendable analysis.

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  40. 𝘸𝘰𝘰𝘸 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘰 𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘻𝘪𝘯𝘨😳.𝘪 𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦 𝘪𝘵

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