THE GRACEFUL GIRRAFE CANNOT BECOME A MONKEY
Okot
P B’tek (Uganda)
My husband tells me
I have no ideas
Of modern beauty.
He says
I have stuck
To old-fashioned hair styles.
He says
I am stupid and very backward,
That my hair style
Makes him sick
Because I am dirty.
It is true
I cannot do my hair
As white women do.
Listen,
My father comes from Payira,
My mother is a woman of Koc!
I am a true Acoli
I am not a half-caste
I am not a slave girl;
My father was not brought home
By the spear
My mother was not exchanged
For a basket of millet.
Ask me what beauty is
To the Acoli
And I will tell you;
I will show it to you
If you give me a chance!
You once saw me,
You saw my hair style
And you admired it,
And the boys loved it
At the arena
Boys surrounded me
And fought for me.
My mother taught me
Acoli hair fashions;
Which fits the kind
Of hair of the Acoli,
And the occasion.
Listen,
Ostrich plumes differ
From chicken feathers,
A monkey’s tail
Is different from that of a giraffe,
The crocodile’s skin
Is not like the guinea fowl’s,
And the hippo is naked, and hairless.
The hair of the Acoli
Is different from that of the Arabs;
The Indians’ hair
Resembles the tail of a horse;
It is like sisal strings
And needs to be cut
With scissors.
It is black,
And is different from that of a white woman.
A white woman’s hair
Is soft like silk;
It is light
And brownish like
That of a brown monkey,
And is very different from mine.
A black woman’s hair
Is thick and curly;
It is true
Ring-worm sometimes eat up
A little girl’s hair
And this is terrible;
But when hot porridge
Is put on the head
And the dance is held
Under the sausage-fruit tree
And the youths have sung
You, Ring worm
Who is eating Duka’s
hair
Here is your porridge,
Then the girl’s hair
Begins to grow again
And the girl is pleased.
INTRODUCTION
This is a short extract from a long poem called “song of Lawino” which is almost entirely
based on the conflict between old and new ways of life. So it is based on what
Lawino thinks as a treasure for Africans as contrasted with what Ocol thinks on
his side. (Although their names do not
appear anywhere throughout the poem).
THEMATIC ANALYSIS
Although the poem is but a small part of a long poem
with several themes, still some of these broader themes can be narrowly
extracted from this poem. These include; identity
and awareness, African culture vs European culture, traditional healing,
protest and the position of women.
IDENTITY AND AWARENESS
Africans need to be aware of their identity. In this
poem Lawino reacts to her husband’s complaint. She turns her husband’s
complaint into a praise-song for herself and her people. She does so by showing
that she is aware of her identity as a black African woman and proud of it.
Just like all other women of other races are proud of theirs Lawino sees no need
why she should abandon hers. In lines 15-20 she says;
Listen
My father comes from
Payira,
My mother is a woman of
Koc!
I am a true Acoli
I am not a half-caste
I am not a slave girl
AFRICAN CULTURE vs EUROPEAN CULTURE
In ‘Song of
Lawino’ the poet discusses a lot of conflicts between African culture
against European culture in most aspects. This small part of the poem centres
entirely on hairstyles alone. Lawino shows that all people were created
naturally beautiful and should be proud of how they are. For Lawino there are
no reasons for Africans to do their hair like white women because white women
never wish to do theirs like Africans. She uses the images ostrich plumes, chicken feathers, crocodile skin, etc to show that
every creature has a point of departure from other creatures. No one creature
should ever try to change and become like any other. The same applies for
people from different races.
TRADITIONAL HEALING
Moreover, Lawino shows how Africans used to deal with
different social and natural phenomena. Although it might seem as a kind of
incantation, it helped to deal with unusual phenomena. For example she says if
a ring-worm has eaten the little girl’s hair, all they do is put hot porridge
on the head, hold a dance, sing a song, and then the hair grows again. This
traditional ritual is still relevant to some societies today.
PROTEST
Lawino shows an open protest against European culture
that is invading African culture. She does all it takes to educate African
women to love and care for what they have, believe in who they are, and what
they want to do with their lives. She protests doing her hair like white women.
She says; It is true/I cannot do my hair/As white women do
POSITION OF WOMEN
(1) True and strong upholder of African culture
Lawino in this poem represents a class of women who
are proud of their culture and identity. They can’t compromise their standards
just to please their husbands
(2) Care taker for children
Lawino shows that she behaves the way she does because
her mother took time to teach her. It is always believed that most of the
behaviours that we have were learnt during childhood. It is up to parents to
teach their children good manners and they will not abandon them to old
age. She says; my mother taught me/Acoli hair fashions/which fits the kind/of hair of
the Acoli/and the occasion
GUIDING QUESTIONS
a.
What does the title of the poem “the graceful giraffe cannot become a monkey”
mean? OR what is the poem about?
The poet uses the symbol of the “giraffe” to represent
the Acoli (Africans) and “monkey” as a symbol for whites. He shows how the
conflict that occurs among Africans who have adopted European culture and those
who have remained loyal to African identity. As the giraffe cannot become a
monkey, neither can Africans become white people by their artificial designs.
b.
What is the tone and mood of the poem?
The tone is proud of her identity thus creates a proud
mood for Africans towards their African identity.
c.
What type of the poem is it?
It is a freeverse/modern poem of Lyric type since it expresses
strong feelings of the woman towards her husband’s insults.
d.
Comment on the figures of speech.
i.
Simile expression of comparison by using
conjunctions
Ø
A white woman’s hair is soft like silk
Ø
And brownish like that of a brown monkey
Ø
The Indian’s hair resembles that of a
horse, it is like sisal strings
ii.
Symbolism using one thing to represent another.
“a graceful giraffe” represents
Africans.
“A monkey” represents Europeans.
iii.
Personification giving human qualities to inanimate
beings.
Here the song is sung to a ring worm as though it is a
human being
You, ringworm who is eating Dukas hair,
here is your porridge
iv. Anaphora (repeating words at the beginning of neighbouring
clauses)
I am a true Acoli
I am not a half-caste
I am not a slave girl
e.
Who is the persona in this poem? How do
you know?
The persona is an African woman (Lawino) although her
name is not in the poem. We know she is a woman because she says “my husband tells me” and the way she
describes different hair styles which are common to women.
f.
How does the woman (Lawino) see her
identity?
Lawino sees her identity as something to be proud of
because she believes that she is beautiful just the way she is and is not ready
to change.
g.
Who is surer of his/her identity? The
woman or her husband? Why do you say so?
Certainly, Lawino is surer of her identity. This is
due to what she expresses from the beginning of the poem to the end. While she
admits that all other women of other races are beautiful she is not ready to
compromise her identity and become like them as suggested by her husband.
h.
How does Lawino react to the complaint of
her husband?
Lawino does not insult back her husband but rather she
turns her husband’s complaints into a praise song about herself and her people.
In the process she gently tries to advise her husband to regain the identity he
is busy losing.
i.
Who is Lawino speaking to in the poem?
Lawino is speaking to both her husband and Africans in
general. When she says “My husband tells
me…” she speaks to the audience (Africans) but then turns the attention to
her husband “you once saw me” here
she speaks specifically to her husband.
MESSAGE
Ø Africans
should be proud of their identity.
Ø No matter
what they do Africans will remain Africans.
Ø You cannot
change nature.
Ø We should
not react by insulting back people who have insulted us.
Ø Sometimes
traditional healing is effective.
RELEVANCE
The poem is relevant today in a number of aspects.
Ø
There are African women today who wish to do their hair like white women
do.
Ø
There are black women who never wish to do their hair like white women.
They remain natural and proud of their identity.
Ø
There are men who pressurize their wives to do their hair like whites.
Ø
Traditional healing is still relevant in some societies.
Identity one poetic device in the poem that you find unique.give reasons for your answer
ReplyDeleteIdentity one poetic device in the poem that you find unique.give reasons for your answer
ReplyDeleteThe best lesson i have had in poetry and the questions seem like likely examination questions
ReplyDeleteThanks very much for simplifying our work
ReplyDeleteHelp us and interprete the poem Entitled "TARANTELLA "
Subject matter , sound devices , tone , mood , relevance
Thanks
ReplyDelete