DIRECT SPEECH
AND
INDIRECT SPEECH
Ø There are two ways of re-telling
what a person has said: direct and indirect.
DIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH
Ø Here we repeat the original
speaker’s exact words: direct speech
should be places within the quotation marks or inverted commas. The direct
speech is found in conversations in books, in plays and quotations.
He said, “I have written the exercise”.
He said, “I have written the exercise”.
************************************
INDIRECT SPEECH
Ø Reporting of what a speaker said without quoting his exact words is
called ‘Indirect Speech’. In
Indirect speech we give the exact meaning/ the main point of a person’s words,
with a few modifications, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words.
He said that he had written the
exercise
Ø Reporting verb. The verb used to introduce the reported speech is called the reporting
verb. The tense of the reporting verb is not changed.
RULES FOR CHANGING DIRECT SPEECH INTO INDIRECT SPEECH.
Rule
:1. The adverbs of nearness should be put into those of distance.
Direct Speech-
|
Indirect Speech
|
now-
|
Then
|
here-
|
there
|
here after-
|
there after
|
this-
|
that
|
these-
|
those
|
ago-
|
before
|
thus-
|
so
|
to-day-
|
that day
|
to-night-
|
that night
|
last night-
|
the previous night
|
yesterday-
|
the day before (or) the
previous day
|
tomorrow-
|
the next day (or)
the following day
|
last week-
|
the week before (or) the previous week
|
next week-
|
the week after (or) the following week
|
last month-
|
the month before (or) the previous month
|
next month-
|
a month after
|
hither-
|
thither
|
hence-
|
thence
|
Rule
:2. Tenses.
i.
If the reporting verb is in the
Present or Future tense (e.g., say/says, will say) there is no change in the
tense of the verb in the Indirect speech.
Antony says, “I eat a mango”. (D.S.)
Antony says that he eats a mango”. (I.S.)
Antony says, “I eat a mango”. (D.S.)
Antony says that he eats a mango”. (I.S.)
Marwa says
“I’ll travel to Tarime next week)
Marwa says that he will travel to Tarime next week.
The
President will say “We shall raise the teachers’ salaries next year”
The President will say that they will raise the
teachers’ salaries next year.
ii.
If Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense the tense of the verbs in the
reported speech or Indirect Speech must be generally changed.
1. Simple Present Tense in the D.S. becomes simple past tense in the
I.S.
John said, “I write a letter”. (D.S)
John said that he wrote a letter. (I.S)
John said, “I write a letter”. (D.S)
John said that he wrote a letter. (I.S)
Mwita said, “I like
teaching”
Mwita said that he liked teaching”
2. Simple Past Tense in the D.S. becomes past perfect or remains
unchanged in the I.S.
Angel said, “I brought a pen yesterday”. (D.S)
Angel said that she had bought a pen the day before. (I.S)
Angel said, “I brought a pen yesterday”. (D.S)
Angel said that she had bought a pen the day before. (I.S)
Angel said that she
bought a pen the previous day (I.S.)
Mwajuma said, “I killed a lion” (D.S)
Mwajuma said that she
had killed a lion (I.S)
MWajuma said that she
killed a lion. (I.S)
3. Present Continuous in the D.S. becomes past continuous in the I.S.
John said, “I am going to church”. (D.S)
John said that he was going to church. (I.S)
John said, “I am going to church”. (D.S)
John said that he was going to church. (I.S)
“I am writing a letter to my brother”, Majura said to Bundala (D.S)
Majura told Bundala that
he was writing a letter to his brother. (I.S)
4. Past Continuous in the D.S.
becomes past perfect continuous in the I.S. or remains unchanged.
Nelson said, “I was playing cricket”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had been playing cricket. (I.S)
Nelson said, “I was playing cricket”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had been playing cricket. (I.S)
Nelson said that he was playing cricket.
(I.S)
Sandra said to me, “I was thinking of
marrying a rich man.” (D.S)
Sandra told me that she was thinking of marrying a rich man. (I.S)
Sandra told me that she was thinking of marrying a rich man. (I.S)
Sandra told me that she had been
thinking of marrying a rich man. (I.S)
5. Present Perfect in the D.S.
becomes past perfect in the I.S.
Kamara said, “I have done my home work”. (D.S)
Kamara said that he had done his home work. (I.S)
“I have lost my handbag”, Shanel said. (D.S)
Kamara said, “I have done my home work”. (D.S)
Kamara said that he had done his home work. (I.S)
“I have lost my handbag”, Shanel said. (D.S)
Shanel said that she had lost her
handbag. (I.S)
6. Present Perfect Continuous in the D.S. becomes past perfect continuous in the I.S.
He said, “I have been reading a novel”. (D.S)
He said that he had been reading a novel. (I.S)
“I have been waiting for you, Mary” Samson said. (D.S)
Samson told Mary that he had been waiting
for her.(I.S)
7.
Past perfect in the D.S. remains unchanged in the I.S
“I had finished the work,” Shantel said to her teacher.
Shantel told her teacher
that she had finished the work.
“We had slept already when you called.” She said to him
She told him that they
had slept already when he called.
8. Past perfect continuous in the D.S remains unchanged in the I.S.
David said, “I had been thinking of marrying a rich
girl” (D.S.)
David said that he had been
thinking of marrying a rich girl. (I.S)
Martha said to her mother, “We had been doing exams
the whole term.” (D.S.)
Martha told her mother that
they had been doing exams the whole term. (I.S)
9. ‘Will’ and ‘Shall’ are changed to
‘would’.
He said, “I will go to London tomorrow”. (D.S)
He said that he would go to London the next day. (I.S)
He said, “I will go to London tomorrow”. (D.S)
He said that he would go to London the next day. (I.S)
“I will marry when I want”, said
Abooki. (D.S)
Abooki
said that she would marry when she wanted. (I.S)
10.
may
|
-
|
might
|
can
|
-
|
could
|
come
|
go
|
|
must
|
-
|
had to (or) must
|
Had
better
|
Had better
|
|
Ought
to
|
Ought to
|
|
Used
to
|
Used to
|
Ø Johns said, “I must go now,” (D.S)
Johns said that she had to go then. (I.S)
Johns said that she had to go then. (I.S)
Ø “You may go now” I said to Shija.(D.S)
I told Shija that he might go then.(I.S)
Ø “You can take it tomorrow,” the teacher said to Moses.(D.S)
The teacher told Mosses that he could take it the
following day.(I.S).
Ø “You had better consult a doctor,” mother said to me. (D.S)
Mother told me that I had better consult a doctor.
(I.S)
Ø “You ought to love your parents, children” the pastor said. (D.S)
The pastor told the children that they ought to love
their parents. (I.S)
Ø
Mwita said to Rhobi, “I used to write love stories”. (D.S)
Mwita told Rhobi that he
used to write love stories. (I.S)
Ø
“You
have to come back tomorrow,” the manager said to me.
(D.S)
The
manager told me that I had to go back the following day. (I.S)
iii.
. If the direct speech contains the Universal
Truth, habit, facts or permanent states, the tense of the direct speech remains
unchanged even if the reporting verb is in the past.
Ø The teacher said, “The sun rises in the East”. (D.S)
The teacher said that the sun rises in the East. (I.S)
The teacher said that the sun rises in the East. (I.S)
Ø My father said “Honesty is the best policy” (D.S)
My
father said that honesty in the best policy. (I.S)
Ø “Mt. Kilimanjaro is in Tanzania” the minister
said to the tourists. (D.S)
The
minister told the tourists that Mt. Kilimanjaro is in Tanzania. (I.S)
Ø “The earth moves round the sun” the Geography
teacher said. (D.S)
The
Geography teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
Ø The teacher has said to the
pupils, “Sea-water is different from the river water.”
(D.S)
The teacher has told the pupils that sea-water is different from river water. (I.S)
The teacher has told the pupils that sea-water is different from river water. (I.S)
Ø David answered, “The Mines are
under the ground”. (D.S)
David answered that the Mines are under the ground. (I.S)
David answered that the Mines are under the ground. (I.S)
Ø John said to his brother, “The
U.N. is a world organisation”. (D.S)
John told his brother that the U.N is a world organisation. (I.S)
John told his brother that the U.N is a world organisation. (I.S)
iv.
If the
direct speech contains a past historical event no changes are made.
Ø “Tanganyika got independence in 1961,” my history teacher said. (D.S)
My history teacher said that Tanganyika got
independence in 1961. (I.S)
Ø “The first world war took place from 1914 to1918,” he said. (D.S)
He said that the First World War took place from 1914
to1918. (I.S)
Ø “Mwalimu Nyerere was born in 1922 and he died in 1999,” he said to me.
(D.S)
He told me that Mwalimu Nyerere was born in 1922 and
he died in 1999.
Rule 3. Pronouns change in indirect
speech.
1. First Person Pronouns in the D.S change according to
the subject of the reporting verb in the I.S.
Ø He said, “I
am busy” (D.S)
He said that
he was busy. (I.S)
Ø She said, “I
am not feeling okay” (D.S)
She said
that she was not feeling okay (I.S)
Ø I said, “I
will tell you tomorrow” (D.S)
I said that
I would tell him the next day. (I.S)
Ø They said, “We
have to use force” (D.S)
They said
that they had to use force. (I.S)
Ø We said, “We have
to buy some oranges” (D.S)
We said that
we had to buy some oranges. (I.S)
Ø You said “I
have finished the work.”
You said
that you had finished the work
2. Second person pronouns in the D. S. change according
to the object of the Reporting verb in the I.S.
Ø He said to me, “You have to come
with me” (D.S)
He told me
that I had to go with him. (I.S)
Ø The teacher said to us, “You must finish your work today”
The teacher
told us that we had to finish our work that day.
Ø She said to him, “You can take your
bag” (D.S)
She told him
that he could take his bag. (I.S)
Ø He said to her, “You love your
parents” (D.S)
He told her
that she loved her parents (I.S)
Ø The headmaster told them, “You will start your National exams next week” (D.S)
The
headmaster told them that they would start their national exams the following
week. (I.S)
Ø The teacher said to you “You must see me today” (D.S)
The teacher
told you that you had to see him that day. (I.S)
3. Third Person Pronouns in the Direct speech remain
unchanged in the Indirect speech.
Ø He said, “She is a good girl” (D.S)
He said that
she was a good girl. (I.S)
Ø They said, “He does not have the required qualifications” (D.S)
They said
that he did not have the required qualification. (I.S)
Ø He said, “It is impossible” (D.S)
He said that
it was impossible. (I.S)
Ø She said, “They are attending a birthday party” (D.S)
She said that they were attending a
birthday party. (I.S)
NOTE
It should be
noted that while changing the pronouns in the manner stated above, pronouns
will have the same case and number as the original one.
STATEMENT/DECLARATIVE (OR) ASSERTIVE SENTENCE
Basic
Rules :
a) Remove the quotation marks in the statement
b) Use the conjunction ‘that’
c) Change the reporting verb ‘say to’ into ‘tell’
d) Change the reporting verb ‘said to’ into ‘told’
e) Other verbs like; replied, answered, informed, stated may be used
instead of “said” or “told”.
Note :
He said that (correct)
He told me that (correct)
He told that (Incorrect)
Ø “I will work hard to get division one,” said Lazar (D.S.)
Lazar said he would work hard to get division one. (I.S.)
Lazar said he would work hard to get division one. (I.S.)
Ø “You can do this work” said Nelson to Johnsi (D.S.)
Nelson informed Johnsi that he could do that work. (I.S.)
Nelson informed Johnsi that he could do that work. (I.S.)
Ø He said, “I am glad to be here this evening”(D.S.)
He said that he was glad to be there that evening. (I.S.)
He said that he was glad to be there that evening. (I.S.)
Ø “I‘m going to the library now” said David (D.S.)
David said that he was going to the library then. (I.S.)
David said that he was going to the library then. (I.S.)
IMPERATIVE
SENTENCES (COMMAND OR REQUEST)
Basic
Rules
a) Remove the quotation marks in an imperative sentence.
b) Use ‘to’ if it is an
affirmative sentence. (Without don’t)
c) Use ‘not to’ if the sentence
begins with “Don’t “
d) Don’t use that.
e) Omit the word ‘please’. Use
the word “request’ instead of ‘say’
f) If the direct speech contains a request or a command, the reporting verb
(say/said) change to tell, request, order, command, advise, beg,
beseech, persuade, etc in its correct tense.
g) Sentences with “Let” can be turned into reported speech in three
methods.
i.
Suggest/Propose +gerund
ii.
Suggest/Propose
+infinitive
iii.
Suggest/Propose +That
clause
e.g
“Let us setup a small scale industry”, my friend said to me. (D.S)
My friend suggested setting up a small scale industry.
(I.S)
My friend proposed to set up a small scale industry
(I.S)
My friend suggested that we should set up a small
scale industry. (I.S)
Ø
“Don‘t talk in the class” said the teacher to the boys. (D.S.)
The teacher advised
the boys not to talk in the class. (I.S.)
Ø
“Please give me something to eat. I am hungry” the old man said to them.
(D.S.)
The old man requested them to give him something to eat and said that he was hungry (I.S.)
The old man requested them to give him something to eat and said that he was hungry (I.S.)
Ø
“Be careful” said he to her. (D.S.)
He ordered her to be careful. (I.S.)
He ordered her to be careful. (I.S.)
Ø
“Bring me a cup of tea” said Nelson to Andriya. (D.S.)
Nelson asked Andriya to bring him a cup of tea. (I.S.)
Nelson asked Andriya to bring him a cup of tea. (I.S.)
Ø
“Go and get me a piece of paper”, I said to him. (D.S)
I ordered him to go
and get me a piece of paper. (I.S)
Ø
“Don’t insult the poor”, he said to me (D.S)
He advised me not to
insult the poor. (I.))
Ø
“Let me apply a different formula” he said. (D.S)
He suggested applying
a different formula(I.S)
He proposed to apply
a different formula(I.S)
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE (QUESTIONS)
Basic Rules :
Basic Rules :
a)
Remove the quotation marks and question mark in the interrogative
sentence.
b)
Use ‘if’ or ‘whether’ if the sentence inside the quotation marks begins
with a helping verb (Auxiliary verb).
c)
Use the given interrogative word (what, when, where, why, who, whom, whose,
which, how etc.) if it does not begin with the helping verb.
d)
Don‘t use ‘that’
e)
Changing the reporting verb (say, said) into ‘ask’, ‘enquire’, demand, wonder,
want to know, question, interrogate, in its correct tense.
f)
Omit helping verb like ‘do, does, did’. But don’t omit them when they
are with ‘not’.
Ø
“Won’t you help me to carry this box?” said I to my friend. (D.S.)
I asked my friend if he would not help me to carry that box. (I.S.)
I asked my friend if he would not help me to carry that box. (I.S.)
Ø
Mohan said to Stalin, “Why did not you attend the meeting yesterday”?
(D.S.)
Mohan interrogated Stalin why he had not attended the meeting the day before. (I.S.)
Mohan interrogated Stalin why he had not attended the meeting the day before. (I.S.)
Ø
“How often do you go to the theatre?” said David to John. (D.S.)
David asked John how often he went to the theatre. (I.S.)
David asked John how often he went to the theatre. (I.S.)
Ø
Mohamed said to Sultan, “Do you like mangoes?” (D.S.)
Mohamed questioned Sultan if he liked mangoes.
(I.S.)
Ø
“Who told you about my marriage?” Mary said to me.(D.S)
Mary questioned me
who told me about her marriage.(I.S)
Ø
“Where do you want to go now?” he said to me. (D.S)
He asked me where I
wanted to go then. (I.S)
Ø
“Don’t you know anything about the micro-chips in computers?” the
teacher said to me (D.S)
The expert questioned me whether I didn’t know anything about the micro-chips
in computers.(I.S)
Ø
“Didn’t you tell her about her father’s death?” he said to me. (D.S)
He asked me whether I didn’t tell her about her father’s death. (I.S)
He asked me whether I hadn’t told her about her father’s death. (I.S)
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE
Basic Rules :
a)
Change the exclamatory sentence into statement or Assertive
b)
Remove the quotation marks and exclamatory mark.
c)
Use the conjunction ‘that’
d)
Omit the interjections such as Oh, O, Alas, how, what, hurrah, shit,
Gosh, Bravo, lo.
e)
Add the word ‘very’ to the adjective or adverb if necessary.
f)
If the verb is not given, use ‘Be’ form verb (is, was, are, were, am) in
its correct tense according to the subject.
g)
Change the reporting verb (say, said) to ‘exclaimed joyfully’ or exclaimed
with joy/applaud/surprise for happy incidents.
h)
Use ‘exclaim’ sorrowfully or exclaimed with sorrow/
fear/anger/wonder/regret/curse/cry out for sorrowful incidents.
1.
“O, what a beautiful flower that is!” said she. (D.S.)
She exclaimed joyfully that that was a very beautiful flower. (I.S.)
She exclaimed joyfully that that was a very beautiful flower. (I.S.)
2.
“What a horrible sight!” we all exclaimed. (D.S.)
We all exclaimed with sorrow that it was a very horrible sight. (I.S.)
We all exclaimed with sorrow that it was a very horrible sight. (I.S.)
3.
“Alas! I have broken my brother’s watch” said he.
He exclaimed with regret that he had broken his brother’s watch. (I.S.)
He exclaimed with regret that he had broken his brother’s watch. (I.S.)
4.
“How beautiful she is!” said Boon. (D.S.)
Boon exclaimed joyfully that she was very beautiful. (I.S.)
Boon exclaimed joyfully that she was very beautiful. (I.S.)
REPORTED SPEECH - MIXED TYPE
1. “I don’t know the way. Do you?” he asked. (D.S.)
He said that he didn’t know the way and asked her if she did. (I.S.)
2. She said, “Oh! It’s a snake. Don’t go near it, children.” (D.S.)
She exclaimed with disgust that it was a snake and told the children not to go near it. (I.S.)
3. “If the floods get any worse we must leave the house”, he said. (D.S.)
(must = will have to)
He said that if the floods got any worse they would have to leave the house. (I.S.)
4. “I have just received a letter”, he said; “I must go home at once”. (D.S.)
He said that he had just received a letter and would have to go home at once. (I.S.)
(i)
In all these sentences the reported part has more than one clause and
tense. So both the parts need attention to be converted into the Indirect
speech from the Direct. This type of sentence is called Mixed Type.
(ii)
When statements and questions are mixed, each section must be introduced
by an appropriate verb, viz. tell, say, explain, remark etc., for
statements and ask, enquire, want to know, wonder etc., for questions. A
useful connective device for positive statement is “adding that”...
e.g. “I’m off to the pictures. Where are you going?” (D.S.)
He said that he was off to the pictures and wanted to know where I was going. (I.S.)
MORE
EXAMPLES OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH:
He said, “John will be in London on Tuesday.” (D.S.)
He said that John would be in London on Tuesday. (I.S.)
He said, “John will be in London on Tuesday.” (D.S.)
He said that John would be in London on Tuesday. (I.S.)
1.
“I never eat meat”, he explained. (D.S.)
He explained that he never ate meat. (I.S.)
He explained that he never ate meat. (I.S.)
2.
He said, “I wish I knew.”(D.S.)
He said that He wished he knew. (I.S.)
He said that He wished he knew. (I.S.)
3.
She says, “I shall be there.” (D.S.)
She says that she will be there. (I.S.)
She says that she will be there. (I.S.)
4.
He said, “She is coming this week.” (D.S.)
He said that she was coming that week. (I.S.)
He said that she was coming that week. (I.S.)
5.
He said, “I bought this pearl for my mother.” (D.S.)
He said that he had bought that pearl for his mother. (I.S.)
He said that he had bought that pearl for his mother. (I.S.)
6.
He said, “Where is she going?” (D.S.)
He asked where she was going. (I.S.)
He asked where she was going. (I.S.)
7.
He said, “Lucy, when is the next
bus.” (D.S.)
He asked Lucy when the next bus was. (I.S.)
He asked Lucy when the next bus was. (I.S.)
8.
“Is anyone there?” she asked. (D.S.)
She asked if anyone was there. (I.S.)
She asked if anyone was there. (I.S.)
9.
The mother said, “Lie down, David.” (D.S.)
The mother asked David to lie down. (I.S.)
The mother asked David to lie down. (I.S.)
10. He said, “Don’t move, boys.”
(D.S.)
He asked the boys not to move. (I.S.)
He asked the boys not to move. (I.S.)
11. He said, “Please say nothing
about this.” (D.S.)
He asked her to say nothing about that. (I.S.)
He asked her to say nothing about that. (I.S.)
12. The teacher has said to the
pupils, “Sea-water is different from the river water.” (D.S.)
The teacher has told the pupils that sea-water is different from river water. (I.S.)
The teacher has told the pupils that sea-water is different from river water. (I.S.)
13. David answered, “The Mines are
under the ground”. (D.S.)
David answered that the Mines are under the ground. (I.S.)
David answered that the Mines are under the ground. (I.S.)
14. John said to his brother, “The U.N.O.
is a world organisation”. (D.S.)
John told his brother that the U.N.O. is a world organisation. (I.S.)
John told his brother that the U.N.O. is a world organisation. (I.S.)
15. The Science teacher told the
class, “Ice floats on water.” (D.S.)
The Science teacher told the class that ice floats on water(I.S.)
The Science teacher told the class that ice floats on water(I.S.)
EXERCISES
STATEMENTS
1. These
people are saying these things. Report them, using says that.
a. Paul: “Atlanta is a
wonderful city.” ____________________________________________________
b. Ruth: “I go jogging
every morning.” ___________________________________________________
c. Anna: “Jenny isn’t
studying for her exams.” _____________________________________________
d. Andrew: “I used to be
very fat.” _______________________________________________________
e. Jim: “I can’t swim.”
_______________________________________________________
2. People
made these statements. Report them, using said.
a. “Mary works in a
bank”, Jane said. _______________________________________________________
b. “I’m staying with
some friends”, Jim said. _______________________________________________________
c. “I’ve never been to
Russia”, Mike said. _______________________________________________________
d. “Tom can’t use a
computer”, Ella said. _________________________________________________
e. “Everybody must try
to do their best”, Jill said. __________________________________________
f. “Jane may move to a
new flat”, Rachel said. ____________________________________________
g. “I’ll stay at home on Sunday”, Bill said.
_________________________________________________
3. Report what
the guests said at a wedding last Sunday.
a. Miss Moore: “They’ll
make a lovely couple.” _______________________________________________________
b. Mr Smith: “They’re
going to live in Brighton.”
_______________________________________________________
c. Mrs Jones: “The bride and the groom are very nice young people.”
_______________________________________________________
d. Mr Roberts: “The bride is wearing a beautiful wedding dress.”
_______________________________________________________
e. Mr Clarke: “The
couple’s parents look happy.”
_______________________________________________________
f. Miss Mayall: “The bride’s father has bought them a big flat.”
_______________________________________________________
4. Change
the following statements into the reported speech.
a. “I have something to show you”, I said to her.
_________________________________________________________
b. “I’m going away tomorrow”, he said.
_________________________________________________________
c. “I’ve been in London for a month but I haven’t had time to visit the
Tower”, said Rupert.
_________________________________________________________
d. “I’ll come with you as soon as I’m ready”, she replied.
_________________________________________________________
e. “We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work”, they said.
_________________________________________________________
f. “I must go to the dentist tomorrow”, he said.
_________________________________________________________
g. “I found an old Roman coin in the garden yesterday and I am going to
take it to the museum this afternoon”, he said.
_________________________________________________________
5. Write
these sentences in indirect speech.
a. “I’m very tired”, she
said. _______________________________________________________
b. “I’ll see them soon”,
he said. _______________________________________________________
c. “I’m going to the
cinema”, she said. _______________________________________________________
d. “I see the children
quite often”, he said. _______________________________________________________
e. “I’m having a bath”,
she said. _______________________________________________________
f. “I’ve already met
their parents”, she said.
_______________________________________________________
g. “I stayed in a hotel
for a few weeks”, she said.
_______________________________________________________
h. “I must go home to
make dinner”, he said. _______________________________________________________
i. “I haven’t been
waiting long”, she said. _______________________________________________________
j. “I’m listening to the
radio”, he said. _______________________________________________________
k. “I’ll tell them the
news on Saturday”, she said.
_______________________________________________________
l. “I like swimming, dancing and playing tennis”, he said.
______________________________________________________
m. “I can drive”, she
said. __________________________________________________________
n. “I walked home after
the party”, he said. __________________________________________________________
o. “I’m going to be
sick”, she said. __________________________________________________________
p. “I must go out to
post a letter”, he said.
__________________________________________________________
q. “I spoke to Jane last
week”, she said. __________________________________________________________
r. “I’m trying to listen
to the music”, he said.
__________________________________________________________
s. “I’ll phone the
office from the airport”, she said. __________________________________________________________
t. “I can’t speak any foreign languages”, he said.
__________________________________________________________
6. Write
these sentences in indirect speech, changing words where necessary.
a. “I’ll see you tomorrow”, she said.
__________________________________________________________
b. “I saw her today”, he said.
__________________________________________________________
c. “I don’t like this film”, she said.
__________________________________________________________
d. She said, “We went swimming today.”
__________________________________________________________
e. “I met her about three months ago”, he said.
__________________________________________________________
f. “I’ll see Mary on Sunday”, she said.
__________________________________________________________
g. “Pete and Sue are getting married tomorrow”, she said.
__________________________________________________________
h. “Stephen’s bringing some records to the party tomorrow”, she said.
__________________________________________________________
i. “I really like this furniture”, she said.
__________________________________________________________
j. “My parents are arriving tomorrow”, she said.
__________________________________________________________
k. “We visited her this morning” they said.
__________________________________________________________
l. “We’ll see her next summer” they said.
__________________________________________________________
m. “They were here three months ago”, he said.
__________________________________________________________
n. “I’m meeting them at four o’clock today”, he said.
__________________________________________________________
o. “I can see you tomorrow”, she said.
__________________________________________________________
INERROGATIVE (QUESTIONS )
7. Report
the police-officer’s questions to the shop owner.
a. What’s your name?
__________________________________________________________
b. Did you see the
robbers? ________________________________________________________
c. What were they
wearing? __________________________________________________________
d. How do you think they
got in? __________________________________________________________
e. What did they take? __________________________________________________________
f. Has this ever happened before?
__________________________________________________________
8. Write
these sentences as reported questions using the words given.
a. “What’s your name?”, he asked. (Wanted to know)
__________________________________________________________
b. “Do you like Marlon Brandon?”, she asked.
__________________________________________________________
c. “How old are you?”, she said. (asked)
__________________________________________________________
d. “When does the train leave?”, I asked.
__________________________________________________________
e. “Are you enjoying yourself?”, he asked.
__________________________________________________________
f. “How are you?”, he said. (asked)
__________________________________________________________
g. “Does your father work here?”, she asked.
__________________________________________________________
h. “Do you live near your father?”, he asked.
__________________________________________________________
i. “Who did you see at the meeting?”, my mother asked.
__________________________________________________________
j. “Why did you take my wallet?”, he asked.
__________________________________________________________
k. “How did you get to school?”, she asked.
__________________________________________________________
l. “Are you a foreigner?”, she asked.
__________________________________________________________
m. “Where do you live?”, the boy asked.
__________________________________________________________
n. “Have you met Danny before?”, he asked.
__________________________________________________________
o. “Are you hungry?”, he asked.
__________________________________________________________
p. “Why wasn’t Judy at the party?”, she asked.
__________________________________________________________
q. “Why didn’t you telephone?”, my father asked.
__________________________________________________________
r. “Did you borrow my dictionary?”, he asked.
__________________________________________________________
s. “Why are you so late?”, the teacher asked.
__________________________________________________________
t. “Have you finished your exams?”, she asked.
__________________________________________________________
u. “Did you invite Judy and Mitch?”, he asked.
__________________________________________________________
v. “Does your brother live in London?”, she asked.
__________________________________________________________
w. “Why didn’t the police report the crime?”, the judge asked.
__________________________________________________________
x. “Do you know who broke the window?”, he asked.
__________________________________________________________
y. “Why you won’t let me in?” he shouted.
__________________________________________________________
9. Rewrite
these sentences in reported speech.
a. “Make some coffee, Bob”, Carol said.(ask)
__________________________________________________________
b. “You must do the homework soon, Jane”, she said.(tell)
__________________________________________________________
c. “Remember to buy a map, Ann” he said.(remind)
__________________________________________________________
d. “You should see a doctor, Mrs Clark”, he said.(advise)
__________________________________________________________
e. “Keep all the windows closed, Bill” they said.(warn)
__________________________________________________________
f. “Go home, Paul”, Francis said.(tell)
____________________________________________________________
g. “Please stay for supper, Bob”, he said.(try to persuade)
__________________________________________________________
10. Report
the following sentences.
a. “Don’t try to be funny.”
__________________________________________________________
b. “Wait here till I come.”
__________________________________________________________
c. “Go to bed and don’t get up till you’re called.”
__________________________________________________________
d. “Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes.”
__________________________________________________________
e. “Watch the milk and don’t let it boil over.”
__________________________________________________________
f. “Don’t take your coat off.”
__________________________________________________________
g. “Don’t forget to thank Mrs. Jones when you’re saying good bye to
her.”
__________________________________________________________
h. “Stop that dog.”
__________________________________________________________
11. Write
the sentences in reported speech using the words given.
a. “Sit down, Mary.” (he told)
__________________________________________________________
b. “Would you pass my suitcase?” (he asked)
__________________________________________________________
c. “Don’t go near the sea, children.” (the children’s mother warned)
__________________________________________________________
d. “Don’t be late, Tim.” (Tim’s father told)
__________________________________________________________
e. “Be quiet, children.” (The librarian told) __________________________________________________________
f. “Have your tickets ready, please.” (the inspector told us)
__________________________________________________________
SAY AND TELL
12. Use the
correct form of SAY and TELL in these sentences.
a. She _______________________ me she didn’t agree.
b. He _______________________ , “Have we met before?”
c. I _______________________ them I wasn’t happy with their work.
d. She smiled and _______________________ to me, “I’m very pleased to
meet you.”
e. She _______________________ me a story about her parents.
f. He _______________________, “Are you feeling OK?”
g. I didn’t hear. What did he _______________________?
h. Could you _______________________ me the time, please?
i. They _______________________ me they were going to a meeting.
j. I _______________________ the police my address.
k. I _______________________ I wanted to buy a magazine.
l. He _______________________ he wasn’t interested in politics.
m. Could you _______________________ me your name again?
n. Do you think he is _______________________ the truth?
o. Would you _______________________ him to come early tomorrow?
p. If he _______________________ that again there’ll be trouble.
q. I _______________________ them it was dangerous to swim here.
r. Did you _______________________ anything to him about your problem at
work?
s. _______________________ me what happened.
t. I think he is _______________________ lies.
u. The policeman _______________________ the man was lying.
v. Philip _______________________ it would probably rain tomorrow.
w. Susan _______________________, “Let’s go out for dinner tonight.”
x. Jim _______________________ me about the party last night.
y. Our teacher _______________________ he was pleased with our work.
z. Stop _______________________ lies!
OFFERS AND SUGGESTIONS
13. Rewrite
the sentences with the gerund or the infinitive in reported speech.
a. “I’ll bring my CDs to the party.”
He promised to bring his
CDs to the party.
b. “Let’s go to the cinema tonight, shall we?
She suggested
____________________________________________
c. “Yes, I stole the wallet.”
He admitted
_____________________________________________
d. “Be careful! The water is boiling.”
She warned us _____________________________________________
e. “You must apologize to your teacher.”
My father insisted (on)
______________________________________
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